No! Your right to bring proceedings to get your son back from Israel has nothing to do with your religion and would be heard by the relevant family court in Israel.This is a civil court and it would hear the plea according to an international convention which binds both Isael and the United States - the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction. The legal points you have to prove to be entitled to get a return order are not connected to religion but relate to proving your rights as a father, that the USA is your son's place of habitual residence and that your son is being retained in Israel against your will. From the background information stated, you should be entitled to an order for your child's prompt return, if you bring proceedings without delay and within the time frame allowed. Only if you exceed that time frame, and then try to get your child back, could the case be widened.
Our legal practice has successfully represented non-Jewish fathers in Hague Convention proceedings for the return of children abducted to Israel by Israeli mothers who were Jewish.